Noun clause-Embedded questions

 Embedded Questions 

1.      The form

We say:       Where has Tom gone?

But     Do you know where Tom has gone? (not Do you know where has Tom gone?)

When the question (Where has Tom gone?) is part of a longer sentence (Do you know …?/ I don’t know …/ Can you tell me …? etc.), the word order changes. We say:

-What time is it?

-Who are those people?

-Where can I find Linda?

-How much will it cost?

à Do you know what time it is?

à I don’t know who those people are.

à Can you tell me where I can find Linda.

à Do you have any idea how much it will cost?

Be careful with do/does/did questions. We say:

-What time does the film begin?

-What do you mean?

-Why did she leave early?

à Do you know what time the film begins?

à Please explain what you mean.

à I wonder why she left early.

Use if or whether where there is no other question word (What, why.) :

Did anybody see you?

à Do you know if anybody saw you?

Or

Do you know whether anybody saw you?

Dialogue the passive causative

 Conversación:

-Brother, could you have the package delivered to you?

-what time? Today I will be at the Tailor.

-I'm sorry brother, but it's quite urgent, are the snacks.

-Well I'll see what I can do.

expressions

 Lend, borrow

• Borrow: significa to take something / pedir prestado. Cuando tú le pides a alguien que te dé algo o le pides prestado algo a alguien, entonces usas borrow. Por ejemplo: si necesitas hacer una llamada y le pides el teléfono a alguien prestado dices “Can I borrow your phone?”.
• Lend: significa to give something / prestar. En este caso, si alguien se acerca y te pide algo prestado, en este caso, escucharás la palabra lend. Por ejemplo: “Can you lend me your phone?”.

Jet

Es muy importante tener en cuenta que normalmente la palabra “yet” se coloca al final de la oraciónn

re we there yet?”. ¿Ya hemos llegado? (La típica pregunta que hacen los niños a sus padres cuando realizan un viaje largo

 “Is the report ready yet?”. ¿Ya está preparado el informe

“Hasn’t dad told you yet? We’re moving to Alaska!”. ¿Todavía no te lo ha dicho tu papá? ¡Nos mudamos a Alaska!

La palabra “yet” también se puede usar para expresar que una acción o evento previsto no ocurre:

 “Mary can’t go home yet. She hasn’t finished her work”. Mary todavía no se puede ir a casa. No ha terminado su trabajo.

They haven’t paid me yet”. “Ellos todavía no me han pagado. (Y esperaba que ya me hubieran pagado)

His parents haven’t kicked him out of their house yet”. Sus padres todavía no lo han echado de su casa.

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Regular Verbs

 What are regular verbs?

Regular verbs are those to which, in their past simple and participle forms, only the ending -ed or -d should be added at the end. For example, play (present) ⇒ played (past and participle).

List of most used regular verbs

Here is a list of the most important regular verbs in the English language.

Presente  Pasado simple Participio pasado Traducción

Accept accepted                          accepted           aceptar

Add          added                           added           agregar

Admit admitted                        admitted            admitir

Agree agreed                            agreed            acordar

Allow allowed                          allowed           permitir

Answer answered                        answered           responder

Arrive arrived                          arrived           llegar

Believe believed                         believed            creer

Belong belonged                         belonged           pertenecer

Brush brushed                         brushed           cepillar

Burn burned                         burned          quemar

Call         called                         called           llamar

Cancel     cancelled                       cancelled           cancelar

Change     changed                        changed          cambiar

Clean cleaned                        cleaned           limpiar

Close closed                         closed           cerrar

Complain  complained             complained           quejar

Complete  completed              completed         completar

Cook cooked                        cooked          cocinar

Count counted                         counted            contar

Dance danced                         danced             bailar

Decide     decided                         decided             decidir

How to pass regular verbs to the past?

Regular verbs in their past form are distinguished by the ending -ed or -d, depending on how the verb ends. Here are some rules that can be useful when converting a regular verb to its past form.

If it ends in a consonant or a vowel other than -e

The ending -ed is added. For example:

Answer (answer) ⇒ answered (past tense)

Cook (to cook) ⇒ cooked in (past tense)

watch (see, watch) ⇒ watched (past)

If it ends with the vowel -e

The ending -d is added. For example:

Change (change) ⇒ changed (past)

Receive (receive) ⇒ received (past)

Shave ⇒ shaved (past)

If it involves spelling changes

In the event that the transition from the present to the past form requires modifications in the spelling of the word, there are several cases:

Regular verbs ending in -y

In these cases, change the -y to the vowel -i before adding -ed. For example:

Cry (cry) ⇒ cried (past)

Marry (marry) ⇒ married (past)

Regular verbs in which the final consonant is doubled

One-syllable verbs, such as:

Clap (to clap) ⇒ clapped (past)

Beg (beg) ⇒ begged (past tense)

With the exception of verbs ending in w, x, y, c. For example: chew (to chew) ⇒ chewed (past tense)

Two-syllable verbs ending with a vowel and a consonant. In these cases, the consonant is also doubled. For example:

admit (admit) ⇒ admitted (past )

Stop (stop) ⇒ stopped (past)

Examples of sentences with regular verbs

Here are examples of sentences made with regular and irregular verbs with their respective translation:

present simple past

I work in the school all day (I work at school all day)

I worked in the school all day

He plays with my brother (he plays with my brother)

He played with my brother (he played with my brother)

We study english today (we study english today) We studied english today (we study english today)

PAST PERFECT

  use of the past perfect✅

   The Past Perfect tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of the verb to have (had) +       the past participle of the main verb. asked. arrived? finished?

  Past perfect: Structure and forms

  Estructura afirmativa

  Sujeto + auxiliar had + verbo en pasado + complemento

  example:  I had met them before The meeting

  Estructura negativa

  sujeto+ auxiliary had + not + verbo en pasado+complemento 

  example: a had not said how long will the video call is  

  estructura interrogativa 

  auxiliar hadt sujeto + verbo en pasado+ complemento?

  example: had I  gone to eat before luch time?

PRESENTATION